Drug and Medication: Lexapro Essay -- Medication, Drug, Escitalpram

Medication/drug nameThe brand name is Lexapro, but is known generically as Escitalopram. Lexapro is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (Escitalopram, 2011). Lexapro is employ to treat acute and maintenance treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and Acute Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Forest Pharmaceuticals, 2012). Lexapro can treat adults for both MDD and GAD. Lexapro is not FDA-indicted to treat adolescent with GAD, but is approved for adolescents (aged 12-17) with MDD. There argon no street names for Lexapro, and stated by Forest Pharmaceuticals, animal studies suggest that blackguard danger of this drug is lowType of SubstanceAs previously stated, Lexapro is a Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are by far, the most frequently prescribed antidepressants (Selective serotonin reuptake, 2013). SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter in the brain (Mandal, n.d.). serotonin reg ulates some aspects of the brain including mood, sleep and emotion (Mandal, n.d.). People with depression have low levels of serotonin so the SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin, which means a great amount of serotonin than usual remains available in the synaptic space between the two nerves (Mandal, n.d.). SSRIs relieve symptoms of depression and anxiety, are kinda safe and generally cause less side effects than other types of antidepressants (Selective serotonin reuptake, 2013). Lexapro tablets are film coated, round tablets containing esxitalopram oxalate in strengths equal to 5mg, 10mg, and 20 mg (Lexapro, 2004). Lexapro is obtainable as tablets or an oral solution, the most frequent use is the tablet. The identification of Lexapro tab... ...r 18). Retrieved from http//www.rxlist.com/lexapro-drug.htmLexapro. (2004). Formulary, 39(2), 79-80. Lexapro. (2004, April). Retrieved from http//www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/04/briefing/2004-4065b1-22-tab11C-Lexapro-Tabs-SLR015.pdf.Li eberman, J. A. (2003). History of the use of antidepressants in primal care. Primary care companion, 5, 6-10. Retrieved from http//www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/pccpdf/v05s07/v05s0702.pdfMandal, A. (n.d.). Ssris how they work. Retrieved from http//www.news-medical.net/health/SSRIs-How-They-Work.aspxRamachandria, C. T., Subramanyan, N., Bar, K. J., Baker, G., & Yeragani, V. K. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136031/Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris). (2013, July 09). Retrieved from http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825

Information Warfare Essay -- essays research papers

As we entered the third wave, we traded in our pens and notebooks, for keyboards and CPU&8217s. A simple wire connected from a phoneline to a modem to your CPU, brings the whole world into your attains. And you into the worlds elapse as well. Political realism is defined as doing what is necessary for survival. One must depend on themselves, beca pulmonary tuberculosis no one else will look forth for them. discipline Warfare has become a massly used tactic by individuals as well as companies looking out for their own survival, in a world of commerce, and politics. Information Warfare is an innovative and dangerous new way to harm your opponents. When one thinks of warfare the mind is usu on the wholey bombarded by thoughts of M16&8217s, grenades, and hand to hand combat. In this new era of technology that we are living in warfare has come to mean so much more. Information warfare is the use of any type of discipline used to injure your opponent&8217s progress and further your o wn. The power of Information Warfare spans a broad ground of uses, from the gathering information about companies, to personal blackmail. It&8217s used not only by individuals against other persons, but companies and even the nation as well. As the third wave, defined by Tofflers, becomes more widely spread across the nation and world we can only expect a far large usage of such technological tactics, being used in the home, workplace, and even international politics. Schwartau&8217s definition of Information Warfare is, &8220the use of information, and information systems as both weapons and targets in a conflict, (Schwartau 12). We are now living in a time when knowledge is power, and what is knowledge made up of? Quite simply, information. Information Warfare is not only becoming more rampantly used among people, but they are using different types as well. There are ternion different classifications of Information Warfare. The first one deals with personal information warfare. This is inclusive with all the information that is available about an individual. Class two deals with corporate information warfare, which involves how information effects companies, businesses, and all economic interests. Of all the classes the third one has the broadest margin. The third class is global information warfare. This purpose of this class is to deal with all a... ... being able to visit such cites that would have pornography, and/or other material unsuitable for youngsters. The school has installed a program so that if the kids were to access proscribe cites an automatic alarm would notify Education Queensland&8217s network administrators. By taking control of the cites that the children can visit, the school system is helping to keep the children from visit undesireable cites. There are programs available to those parents who feel it is necessary to monitor their childs use of the Internet. Cybersitter can be purchased for around $39.95, and can help to regulate y our web browser keeping your childs access to the world wide web restricted. There is even and option in which incoming and outgoing e-mails for inappropriate material. While it is possible to arbitrate and not allow such things on the internet on the Internet such as pornography, or material containing racist or violent content, in order to really do so the entire net would have to be controlled. An important question that has to be asked is who will do the monitoring, and what will they unintellectual their criteria on.

Polyethylene and Polyterephthalate are Outdated Essay -- Polymer PET P

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Outdated Is the World Ready for a New Plastic?AbstractThis paper explains the structure of polymer poly(ethylene terephthalate) in any case known asPET. It states the properties of the plastic as healthful recycling methods. My goal was to find come forward what makes PET the number one plastic, both in consumption as well as the mostrecycled. I also depended for new polymers that be being created by scientists andcompare them to PET to see if there was a plastic out there that is better for theenvironment. I found a few alternatives that would be able to replace PET but arentbeing used. I also found a fire-proof polymer called BHDB which can replace thepreviously used polymer.Poly(ethylene terephthalate), a plastic found in soda bottles, peanut butter jars,and even repose and sleeping bag filling 1, is the most used and recycled plastic. AsAmericans we use about 2.5 million plastic bottles per hour. Most of this plastic that weare using, though, en ds up not only in land fields but in oceans and other undesirableplaces, only a small portion of it is actually recycled. Plastic are long chains of polymericmolecules. Unlike paper or other compounds, plastics are commonly used for theirqualities such as durability weight, processibility, cost, corrosion, and impact resistance. 2The basic composition of polymers includes oil, coal and natural gas though recently theyhave been more petroleum-based1. About 140 million tons per year are produced and alot of that ends up as waste in land fields 1.There are many characteristics PET has that contribute to the popularity of thispolymer. Among those characteristics are lightweight, first base density, low cost, mechanicaltoughness, dura... ...e motivatedand helping me make my paper the best it can be. Thanks to Ryan Dill for the title ideaand lastly the girls of Room 303, without them Id still be writing the first sentence of mypaper. 7Works Cited1 Biotechnology Advances Volume 26, Issue 3. ScienceDirect May-June 2008 Pages246-265. 24 July 2008.1&_user=4421&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000059598&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4421&md5=34933854b44913198526946dc2afce962 PET. 24 July 2008.3 How to Recycle PET. KenPlas. 24 July 2008.4 New Enviro-Friendly Flame-Retardant Synthetic Polymer Posted 31 May 2007. 24July 2008.

Capital Punishment :: essays research papers

Capital punishment is an act of executing, killing, or putting one to close for committing hideous crimes. In the state of Georgia, crimes such as treason, murder, and aircraft high jacking, can cause conviction of the termination penalty. Race, wrongful convictions, and the costs of executions are some of the polemical issues surrounding capital punishment.Race plays an important role when determining the remnant penalty. In a study conducted by the General Accounting Office arrange that 82% of the population who murdered Caucasians is more likely to be convicted than those who murdered African Americans. Since 1976 there catch been several interracial murders in the United States. The reduce of white defendants vs. black victims has represented 12 executions in the U.S. since 1976. However, there have been 192 executions of black defendants vs. white victims in the United States, which is more than quadrupled in number. The current U.S. death row population by race includes 1,457 (42%) African Americans, 353 (10%) Hispanics, 1, 580 (45.5%) Caucasians and 81 (2.3%) accounts for other races.According to the General Accounting office, the United States can not prevent inadvertent executions of innocent people. This is primarily due to wrongful identification of defendants in many cases. Crimes are often solved with the most convenient suspect rather in good order or wrong, which also leads to wrongful death of innocent people. Additionally, many convicts are blamed merely because they fit the description of the intended suspect, which leads to erroneous convictions. Within the lead century, recent studies show that more than four-hundred innocent people have been convicted of crimes caused by others. Twenty-three of the four-hundred blameless people were put to death. The death penalty has been reinstated and there have been 96 men and women found innocent minutes before their execution. This is an unjustifiable mistake that can not be corrected due t o irreplaceable heap with life. Once life has ended, it will never be replaced. It costs taxpayers twice as much to execute an inmate than to incarcerate him/her for life. The study mentioned above states the death penalty costs 48% more than the costs of a court trial in which the prosecutors seek life imprisonment for the defendant.These are outrageous figures that go for taxpayers dollars uselessly. The same study shows that each case ranges from 1-1.25 million dollars than the average murder case without parole. Some people insist that the death penalty be utilized as a preventive measure against crime.

Lost and Found in Walden :: Walden Essays

Lost and FoundinWalden Thoreau found himself at Walden - and lost himself on Ktaadn. Walden, a mile from town, was a clement experience in which he learned what he could do without, what was essential for life. Ktaadn, high and remote, taught him what he could not do without, what was essential life. He spoke of the antagonism of the landscape. The mountain seemed to speak to him Why came ye here before your time? This ground is not prep atomic number 18d for you . . . I cannot pity or fondle you here, but (must) forever relentlessly drive thee hence to where I am kind. This landscape is hostile, not kind. It is unforgiving and inhospitable to man (Sidney). He responds to this imagined chastening with an apology, a verse explaining . . . my bureau lies through your spacious empire up to light - the way to light/enlightenment. The Web material illuminated somewhat Thoreaus need for this experience - he had expressed a desire to witness our own limits transgressed. He got what h e came for. It seems to me that he did not anticipate such a terrifying experience, such discourse alienation. Thoreau described this as primeval, untamed, and forever untamable Nature - vast and drear and inhuman. Man was not to be associated with it . . . It was Matter, vast, terrific, . . the home . . of Necessity and Fate. This was nature in its or so primitive form. It did not allow, tolerate or acknowledge mans control or manipulations, or eve his need to comprehend. This is the same Matter from which our bodies are made, our physical nature. This is terrifying, alienating to Thoreau I stand in awe of my own body, this matter to which I am bound has become so strange to me . . . I fear bodies, I tremble to meet them. His purpose is met - he witnesses his own limits transgressed. He senses that his reason is dispersed. He tries to voice his feelings of alienation - and finds he is removed even from his voice, can only shout Contact Contact Wendy notes that Thoreau is really failing at describing what he is trying to describe. Stacy notes that this passage is related to a person acquire a sense of their self in relation to Nature. The Web material describes Thoreaus practice of linking landscape and identity.

Sleeping Late Essay -- essays research papers

Life is so busy sometimes we dont get enough sleep. Some days our bodies need more than sleep than others. Some people like to sleep in after a busy week at work, or a long dark of partying. Others feel that sleeping in can help them relieve some stress. Trying a few of these trips may help you to sleep in.In ready to sleep in longer, you should plan ahead for the weather. For example, when the weather is going to be hot and muggy, crank up the air conditioner. When your body gets as well hot, you will commove up. Just keeping your body cool will help you feel more relaxed so you can get those few extra hours of rest. If the weather view calls for a steady rain crack open the windows so the rhythm of the soothing rain drops help you fall into a deeper more relaxed sleep.Another key part of sleeping in is a dark room. When too much light breaks into the room, you might have trouble falling or gruntleing asleep. Light makes it easier to stay awake, thus making it harder for you to stop thinking. If you have curtains, close them almost all the way. Roll mini-blinds with the blades in the upward direction, because if they are rolled down when the sun comes up, too much light will come in. As the sleeper you want some light in the room, just a lot.Hunger will as well as prevent you from sleeping in. Near your bed keep a few handy items. I...

Catcher in The Rye by J. D. Salinger

In the new Catcher in The Rye, Salinger has employed a very veridical portrayal of teenagers and how they take on. There be plenty of characteristic on how he properly conveyed this to the audience and he also spread these characteristics through- go forth every(prenominal) of the characters that are utilise within the novel.Firstly, you have Holden a teenager who is not always the brightest bulb in the cabinet, but he has a clear understanding on how the origination works and save he ironically does not have the brains to execute this knowledge directly into the world. Secondly, you have Stradlater a teenager who bonny spends all his cadence going let on with girls and partying. Some might say he is a party animal. Lastly, you have Ackley a mostly grotesque teenager who does not listen to social cues, acts profoundly around people actions and his practically obnoxious closely everything (not knowing, that is how he is acting though). So, Salingers opinion (when it comes to characteristics of a teenager) is that all teenagers are blatantly ignorant everything, that all teenagers think they endure ripe coast their way through life and do not have any notice for the people around us.Holden does not really think about what he is going to say, he just kind of spits everything out. Maybe he is an intelligent male child and all, but how he speaks and what he says proves otherwise. Holden states I practically got T.B Im pretty healthy, though. (J.D Salinger, 5) In this sentence he talks about basically having a life threatening disease and then tries to reassure to the reader that he is pretty healthy, I personally think that in a analytical statement he would have said something on the lines of I practically got T.B I should get that checked out. (J.D Salinger, 5)While Holden is having a conversation with Mr. Spencer he even acknowledges his own betise to himself/the reader through the idea of immaturity. I was sixteen then, and Im seventeen now, an d sometimes I act like Im about thirteen. (Salinger, 9) It is kind of ironic if you think about it, he does not want to be known as dumb or stupid or an idiot, yet he has theoccasional time when he acts like a thirteen year old. Holden, he understands where his faults are, but he cannot come to a conclusion on how to actually fix them he just carries on with his day as if it does not matter.Holdens roommate Stradlater thoroughly enjoys going out on Friday night, Saturday night, easy every night. To do so, he has to find ways to be able to still do well in school age 0slacking off and shrugging all his work aside and his solution anyone he can find. At one point Stradlater and Holden (because they are roommates) meet up in their room and Stradlater asks Holden is he can do a big favour for him and if he was planning on going out. Holden replies asking what the favour is and that he did not have plans of any sorts. subsequently Stradlater asks the big question, I got about a hundre d pages to read for history How bout writing a composition for me? (Salinger, 28)In this instance he had just initiated a vital opening for Holden to be a friend or to just blow him off, and Holden accepts the offer and says he will do the paper for him. Stradlater had just avoided doing his work for one reason he wanted to go out that night with a girl.Stradlater is also a guy who knows how to be flattering profuse that he can convince people to do things for him, you could look at it as he has it better than everyone else because he is prettier than other people. He compliments Holdens new hat with the term sharp and then almost instantaneously afterwards asks Listen. Are ya gonna write that composition for me? I have to know. (Salinger, 29) Why did he need to know you might ask? Well, if Holden has explicitly said no. to him then Stradlater would have stayed in that night to do it, although Holden says If I get the time, I will (Salinger, 29) Stradlater, using Holden like a boat in the river of life, just expects Holden to float on his way through life, carrying Stradlater along while he is having a party in the boat.Finally, there is Ackley. Now, Ackley has a knack for hanging out in the wrong place for too long. In chapter three, Holden is laying down in his room reading a book and enjoying the feeling of his new hat on the top of his head when, let it be hold that his neighbour Ackley comes strolling over into his room without any true intent on why he is there.Ackley movesfriskily around the room, touching everything he can multiple times while seek to hold a conversation with Holden (who clearly does not want one). Ive read this same sentence about twenty times since you came in. (Salinger, 20) subsequently stating that Ackley was a disturbance to him, he still did not get the hint and clearly not picking up on the cue to get out of Holdens room. Later on while Ackley is still occupying the room, Holden says to his self I sometimes horse around to keep myself from getting bored. (Salinger, 21) Once Holden starts to annoy Ackley, trying to make him vacate the room he STILL does not leave. So, clearly Ackley has a problem with following what people are trying to put out to him because he is just plain ignorant about other people and quite frankly himself if you were to take a look at how he manages his outer(prenominal) image.In conclusion, J.D Salinger has made the novel Catcher in The Rye a story that really shows how teenagers act/acted. Salinger also adds his own input on how he thinks teenagers act and/or acted in our time period and the time period at which this novel was written and/or published in through the characters he had created. triplet of the main characters Holden, Stradlater and Ackley are all extremely different which expresses a wide variety of teenager characteristic.Holden symbolizes blatant ignorance for the world around him, Stradlater shows us how un-caring and un-motivated teenagers are when it comes to running(a) on anything and lastly, Ackley describes the lack of respect that we as teenagers have for the people around us. Salinger has made it pretty clear that he believes that teenagers need to change and used this novel to get his point across the world.

Chemistry thermo lab, Hess’s Law Essay

IntroductionIn this lab, we will be determining the change in enthalpy for the combustion response of magnesium (Mg) using Hesss law. surgical process1. React about degree centigrade mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid with 0.80 g of MgO. Note the change in temperature and any qualitative data.2. React about 100 mL of 1.00 M hydrochloric acid with 0.50 g of Mg. Note the change in temperature and any qualitative data.Raw DataQuantitativeReaction, auditionMass ( 0.01 g) sign temperature( 0.1 C)Final temperature( 0.1 C)Volume of HCl( 0.05 mL)Reaction 1, Trial 10.8022.026.9100.00Reaction 1, Trial 20.8022.226.9100.00Reaction 2, Trial 10.5021.644.4100.00Reaction 2, Trial 20.5021.843.8100.00qualitative1. Hydrochloric acid is colorless and odorless2. Magnesium tape is shiny after cleaning it from oxidants, increasing its purity.3. In both receptions, the solution became bubbly.4. There was a smashed odor from the reaction.Data ProcessingTrial 1Reaction 1First, we have to calculate the T by s ubtracting the final temperature by initial temperature1. 2. 3. this instant we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water1. 2. 3. 4. at once, we can intake q=mc T to calculate the energy gained by the solution1. 2. 3. accordingly1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO1. 2. 3.We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the constraining reagent1. Now, we do reaction 2, trial 1 so we can use Hesss law to calculate the change in enthalpy of make-up, but jump we are discharge to calculate the uncertainty in this expressionFirst, we calculate the uncertainty for the1. 2. 3. Now for mass1. 2. As for the energy gained1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc.As for the moles1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy1. 2. 3.Reaction 2First, we have to calculate the T by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc T to calculate the energy gained by the solution1. 2. indeed1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO1. 2.We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the passing reagent1. I will now calculate the uncertaintiesFirst, we calculate the uncertainty for the1. 2. Now for mass1. 2. As for the energy gained1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc.As for the moles1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy1. 2. 3. Now, we use Hesss law to calculate the change of enthalpy of governing body1. MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l)2. Mg (s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq) + H2 (g)3. H2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) H2O(l) (given)By reversing reaction number 1, we can conk out our targeted reactionMg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s)Now to calculate the change of enthalpy, which will be the change of enthalp y of formation?1. 2. Our final result is1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s)Random error and portion errorWe can calculate the random error by just adding the random errors of the subdivision reactions1. 2. 3. As for the percent error1. 2. 3.Trial 2Reaction 1First, we have to calculate the T by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc T to calculate the energy gained by the solution1. 2. 3. Therefore1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO1. 2. 3.We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent1. Now, we do reaction 2, trial 1 so we can use Hesss law to calculate the change in enthalpy of formation, but first we are red ink to calculate the uncertainty in this expressionFirst, we calculate the uncertainty for the1. 2. 3. Now for mass1. 2. As for the energy gained1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc.As for the moles1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy1. 2. 3. Reaction 2First, we have to calculate the T by subtracting the final temperature by initial temperature1. 2. Now we calculate the mass of the solution, assuming it has the density as water1. 2. 3. Now, we can use q=mc T to calculate the energy gained by the solution1. 2. Therefore1. Now, we have to calculate the number of moles for MgO1. 2.We can now calculate the change in enthalpy by dividing the q of the reaction by the moles of the limiting reagent1. I will now calculate the uncertaintiesFirst, we calculate the uncertainty for the1. 2. Now for mass1. 2. As for the energy gained1. 2. Now for the energy of the reaction1. It is multiplied by an integer (-1) so it is the same unc.As for the moles1. 2. Finally, the change in enthalpy1. 2. 3.Now to calculate the change of enthalpy, which will be the change of enthalpy of formation1. 2. Our f inal result is1. Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s)Random error and percent errorWe can calculate the random error by just adding the random errors of the part reactions1. 2. 3. As for the percent error1. 2. 3. Processed dataTrial 1Trial 2of reaction 1-104 kJ/mol ( 2.10%)-99 kJ/mol ( 2.19%)of reaction 2-463 kJ/mol ( 0.509%)-446 kJ/mol ( 0.525%)of MgO-645 kJ/mol ( 2.61%)-633 kJ/mol ( 2.72%)Conclusion and EvaluationIn this lab, we determined the standard enthalpy change of formation of MgO using Hesss law. First, we reacted HCl with MgO for the first reaction and got -104 kJ/mol ( 2.10%) for trial 1 and -99 kJ/mol ( 2.19%) for trial 2. As for reaction 2, where you react, I got -463 kJ/mol ( 0.509%) for trial 1 and -446 kJ/mol ( 0.525%) for trial 2. When we use Hesss Law, we have to reverse reaction 1 to get the targeted equation, Mg (s) + 0.5 O2(g) MgO(s), and we get an enthalpy change value of -645 kJ/mol ( 2.61%) for trial 1, and -633 kJ/mol ( 2.72%) for trial2. For trial 1, my value got a percent error of 7.14%, which is not that bad considering the weaknesses this lab had that will be discussed in the evaluation. However, in trial 2, I got a better percent error, which is 5.15%, we got a better value because we had a bigger H values thus when adding them (since one of them is positive and the other two is negative) we get a smaller value for the enthalpy change of formation thus bringing us closer to the theoretical value.The biggest weakness in this lab was the impurity of the substances, the assumptions that we made about the HCl solution, for example, we assumed that the specific heat capacity of the solution is the same as water, which is an assumption that is not a 100% accurate and unnatural our H values for both reactions and eventually our final Hf value. To fix this, In the different range of specific heat capacity values, 4.10 j/g k would have been more appropriate to get closer to our theoretical values, as you get a bigger qrxn values thus bigger H val ues.Another thing that I noticed is that the theoretical value that I got was the Standard enthalpy change of formation. Standard meaning at standard conditions which are at 293 K and 101.3 kPa for pressure. These werent the conditions in the lab when I did the experiment. This might alter the experimental value closer to the theoretical value reducing the percent error.

Definition of Retail Marketing Essay

retail is the activity of selling goods direct to the public, usu only in ally in small quantities. Retail is the sale of goods and services from individuals or businesses to the end- employmentr. Retailers be part of an incorporated system called the supply chain. A retailer purchases goods or products in large quantities from manufacturers directly or through a wholesale, and then sells smaller quantities to the consumer for a profit. sell give the sack be done in either fixed locations like stores or markets, door-to-door or by delivery. Retailing includes subordinated services, such as delivery.Retail marketing is comprised of the activities related to selling products directly to consumers through channels such as stores, malls, kiosks, vending machines or other fixed locations, according to the Free Dictionary. In contrast, direct marketing to consumers attempts to complete a sale through phone, mail or website gross revenue.The successful implementation of the components o f the traditional marketing mix (product, place, price and forwarding) argon essential for success in retail marketing. The savvy marketer must fork over a thorough understanding of his or her customers to answer the questions that ar implied by each of the 4 Ps.Concept of Retail MarketingRetail marketing depends on learning what customers need and want in the marketplace. The central composition behind retail marketing is ensuring that a company creates products a customer needs or wants, products the customer is willing to pay to own. Some companies have retail marketing departments within their office while others outsource marketers to research and market their product. Using diverse approaches to studying consumer behavior, marketers inventing creative ways to attract shoppers to a product. integrated Marketing Business marketing is the practice of individuals or organizations, such as commercial businesses, governments and institutions, facilitating the sale of their produ cts or services to other companies or organizations that either sell them, use them as components in products or services they offer, or use them to support their operations. Also known as industrial marketing, business marketing is sometimes equalred to as business-to-business marketing, or B2B marketing, for short. Corporate marketing in concerned with the position of the company within the wider market and can involve operations like competitory analysis or monitoring of market dynamics and environmental shifts. Corporate marketing is not concerned with selling products instead, it seeks to create brand awareness and cherish good relations with businesses partners, current or potential investors, retailers, and distributors. Although it is defined as marketing, this function is often performed by professionals from other fields, such as finance or PR. Strategic MarketingStrategic marketing is the endeavor of a business to differentiate itself positively from its competitors, using its strengths to satisfy customer needs in a given environment.The marketing strategy is devised by marketers but executed by other departments within the company, as it is actually logistics, product design, call centers and finance that have to implement the vision. For example, if the strategic marketing plan may call for a new product, the implementation will call for new research and development, new providers, and plane new production facilities.The promotion forward motion is one of the market mix elements, and a term used frequently in marketing. The specification of five-spot promotional mix or promotional plan. These elements are personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, and furtherance.1 A promotional mix specifies how much attention to pay to each of the five subcategories, and how much money to budget for each. A promotional plan can have a wide range of objectives, including sales subjoins, new product acceptance, human beings of bra nd equity, positioning, competitive retaliations, or creation of a corporate image. Fundamentally, however there are three basic objectives of promotion. These are2 1. To present information to consumers as well as others. 2. To increase demand.3. To differentiate a product. There are different ways to promote a product in different areas of media. Promoters use internet advertisement, special events, endorsements, and newspapers to advertise their product. Many times with the purchase of a product there is an incentive like discounts, free items, or a contest. This is to increase the sales of a given product.Generally, promotion is communicating with the public in an attempt to influence them toward buying your products and/or services. How does promotion differ from advertising? Promotion is the broader, all inclusive term. Advertising is just one specific action you could take to promote your product or service. Promotion, as a general term, includes all the ways available to mak e a product and/or service known to and purchased by customers and clients. The word promotion is also used specifically to refer to a particular activity that is intended to promote the business, product or service. A store might advertise that its having a big promotion on certain items, for instance, or a business person may refer to an ad as a promotion. Also Known As Promo. ofttimes confused with advertising or marketing. ExamplesContests and advertising are two examples of Promotion is the business of communicating with customers. It will provide information that will assist them in making a decision to purchase a product or service. The razzmatazz, pace and creativity of some promotional activities are almost alien to regular business activities. The cost associated with promotion or advertising goods and services often represents a sizeable proportion of the overall cost of producing an item. However, successful promotion increases sales so that advertising and other costs are spread over a larger output. Though increased promotional activity is often a sign of a response to a problem such as competitive activity, it enables an organisation to develop and build up a succession of messages and can be extremely cost-effective.Publicity is the deliberate attempt to manage the publics perception of a subject. The subjects of publicity include people (for example, politicians and performing artists), goods and services, organizations of all kinds, and works of art or entertainment. Publicity is the act of attracting the media attention and gaining visibility with the public, it necessarily needs the compliment of the media it cannot be done internally because it requires the attention of the publicizer and it is the publicist that carries out publicity while PR is the strategic management function that helps an organization communicate, establish and maintain relation with the important audiences, It can be done internally without the use of media From a marketing perspective, publicity is one component of promotion which is one component of marketing. The other elements of the promotional mix are advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing and personal selling. Examples of promotional tactics include Art exhibitions event sponsorship Arrange a speech or talk come across an analysis or prediction Conduct a poll or survey Issue a report Take a stand on a controversial subject Arrange for a testimonial Announce an appointment Invent then present an award Stage a reckon Organize a tour of your business or projects Issue a commendation The advantages of publicity are low cost, and credibility (particularly if the publicity is aired in between news stories like on evening TV news casts).New technologies such as weblogs, web cameras, web affiliates, and convergence (phone-camera posting of pictures and videos to websites) are changing the cost-structure. The disadvantages are lack of control over how your releases will be used, and frustration over the low percentage of releases that are taken up by the media. Publicity draws on several key themes including birth, love, and death. These are of particular interest because they are themes in human lives which feature heavily throughout life. In television receiver serials several couples have emerged during crucial ratings and important publicity times, as a way to make constant headlines. Also known as a publicity stunt, the pairings may or may not be according to the fact.

American Pie. Coercive Sexuality

Coercive Sexuality By Diep Chu FS 337 March 2013 Coercive Sexuality Coercive sex activity is an important situation in American Pie movie. In this movie, audiences can see different pictures of teenagers trying to experiences sexual intercourse for the first time in their lives (Zide, Perry, and Weitz, 1999). And the more aggressive they are, pot can see coercive sexuality involved in different scenes. Coercive sexual behavior among students has been an area of concern to alliance.At the time when human sexuality topic becomes so popular in teenagers world, those students in the movies let people understand more about their points of views about sexuality. The question that I want to track in this paper is Do we as a society treat some coercive sexuality as acceptable, or even desirable? In what way do the attitudes towards these mirrors the attitudes of our society in general? It would shocked some people how teens entail about sex so openly and wrongfully, which against many elemental human morality. Do we as a society treat some coercive sexuality as acceptable, or even desirable?We as a society dont treat coercive sexuality as acceptable. We live in a society in which individuals form intimate relationships and abidance their roles within authentic needs and desires rather than as a result of pres veritables to conform to any model. In this society, people are educated and empowered to agnise sexual decisions based on the safety, consent, and desire of all parties involved rather than based on an externally imposed morality. As youths in the movie do non have prepared much knowledge with technique in relationships, they had some sexual actions to force the misfires have sex with them. Zide, Perry, and Weitz, 1999). In return, the girls reject it. When Oz asks the college girl Suck me, beautiful, she was laughing and told him the he had to pay attention to pay attention to the girl and be sensitive to her feeling. Kevins first motivation is to c arry laid with his girlfri curiosity, Vicky. She refuses him few times until she feels totally ready. Jim did not aware that he broadcast Natalies sexual image to whole school. But on her side, she sure will not be happy to have him do that without her consent (Zide, Perry, and Weitz, 1999).In what way do the attitudes towards these mirrors the attitudes of our society in general? For many years society tried to control sexual behavior in youth by citing the traditional negative consequences of sexual experiences and community disapproval. Television, being the highly influential, has been both part of the solution and part of the problem in the area of sex and youth. At the beginning, Jim was watching porn and his parents notice it (Zide, Perry, and Weitz, 1999). This would happen to many families in our society straightaway when kids are in puberty. Those entertainments affect teens sexual behavior heavily.They will copy those disapproval contents in it. At almost the end of the movie, those youth figured out they want to experience sex only because of peer pressure. They finally understand sex had no meaning without love or the girls willingness (Zide, Perry, and Weitz, 1999). Public education has had some major problems in this area and few schools have any real programs in sex education. Many parents do not want their children to learn about sex early. But the more they avoid it, the more kids want to learn about it. This movie indicates good pictures of how teens nowadays think about sex.The sexual values are much different in them nowadays. Male youths try to have the girls get laid with them just to show reach with friends. Those aggressive attitudes sometime lead to unwanted sexual situations with their girlfriends. And society will determine it as coercive sexuality. These raise high concern to society today. In fact, schools should teach them more about human relationship and right technique in sexuality. References Zide, W. and Perry, C. (Produce r), & Weitz, P. (Director). (1999). American Pie (Universal Picture). United States.

Internet Use Essay

IntroductionLearning is a adjoin of acquiring modifications in existing knowledge, skills, habits, or tendencies through determine, practice, or exercise. (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2012) Clinical education is a vital component in the curricula of pre-registration nursing courses and provides student nurses with the opportunity to combine cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. Various studies guide suggested that not all practice settings are able to provide nursing students with a positive learning environment. In order to maximize nursing students clinical learning outcomes, there is a need to examine the clinical learning environment. (Chan, 2004)Clinical experience has been the vital part of nursing education. According to Dunn and Burnette (1995), it is the avenue for the students to hold the theories that theyve learned in their discussion. It prepares student nurses to be able of doing as well as knowing the clinical rulers in practice. The clinical practice sti mulates students to lend oneself their fine thinking skills for problem solving. It is where the student nurses enhance their knowledge in nursing concepts and principles as well as to develop and improve their skills and attitude towards rendering timber of nursing services. Internet is a intercontinental network that connects millions of computer and rapidly transforming the character of life and work. Internet gives tremendous impact on the conduct of any aspect in life especially in education. Nowadays, most of the students rely in the new trends brought by technology. When it comes to education, internet is the number one source of the students in making school requirements. However, there are negative aspects too with regards in using internet, but if we use it enough in the right way, it will be a big help and easier for us to learn something new in just a click away.The internet, or sometimes called The Net is a worldwide system of computer network at any computer can g et information from any other computers. (Gaylah, 2010) Regular use of computers can name an effect on student movement on standardized tests, according to a new study by investigators at Boston College and the University of Massachusetts at Lowell. Analyzing test performance and computers uses of 1986 fourth grade students from 55 classrooms in nine Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment Systems (MCAS) English Language Arts Exam. According to national communication commission, 97% of schools across the country had internet connectivity as of 2010 (FCC, 2010). Far fewer, were able to successfully meet the need from higher speed access, the FCC said, citing that demand as one reason it unveiled its National Broadband Plan in March 2010. A study of I. Kabakci, et al., about Parents Views about Internet use of their Children was revealed that parents control Internet as an important source that children can especially use to do research for their lessons and to do their homework.I t was concluded that Internet influences the personal development of children negatively because children are exposed to physiological effects since they spend a lot of time on internet. The study of Ka buttocksi et. Al., was all about Internet Use and Its raise to Academic Performance but there was only limited study conducted about Internet and Clinical Performance of Nursing Students, thus, the Researchers would like to conduct a study about the Internet Use in Clinical Performance of Nursing Students to identify how students performance on clinical realm would be affected with the use of internet and to fill the gap of the researchers curiosity about the said study.Statement of the ProblemThis study was mean to determine the effects of internet use of student nurses in relation to their clinical performance. Specifically, the study sought answers to the following1. What is the demographic compose of the respondents in name of 1.1 sex1.2 age1.3 year level and1.4 weekly allow ance?2. How often do student nurses use the Internet?3. Is there a significant kind between student nurses use of the Internet and their pen variates? 4. What is the clinical performance of the student nurse-respondents? 5. Is there a significant relationship between student-respondents clinical performance and profile variates? 6. Is there a significant relationship between Internet usage of student nurses and their clinical performance? 7. What are the implications can be skeletal from the study?HypothesesBased on the specific questions presented above, the following hypotheses were tested 1. at that place is no significant relationship between student nurses use of the Internet and their profile variates. 2. There is no significant relationship between students-respondents clinical performance and profile variates. 3. There is no significant relationship between Internet use of student nurses and their clinical performance.Theoretical FrameworkCognitive Theory of Multimedia L earning by Mayer where in the principle known as the multimedia principle states that people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone(Mayer,1996 p.47). However, simply adding words to pictures is not an effective way to achieve multimedia learning. The terminal is to instructional media in the light of how human mind works. This is the bases of Mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning. This theory proposes three main assumptions when it comes to learning with multimedia There are two separate channels, auditory and visual for processing information sometimes referred to as Dual-coding Theory Each channel has a limited (finite) subject similar to Swellers notion of cognitive Learning is an active process of filtering, granting, organizing and integrating information based upon prior knowledge. Humans can only process a finite amount of information in a channel at a time and they make of sense of incoming information by acting creating mental re creatio ns.Mayer also discusses the role of three memory stores sensory (which receives stimuli and restores if for a very short time), working (where we actively process information to establish mental constructs (or schema) and long-term (the repository of all things learned). Mayers Cognitive Theory of Multimedia presents the idea that the brain does not interpret a multimedia presentation of words, pictures and auditory information in a mutually exclusive fashion rather these elements are selected organized dynamically to produce logical mental constructs. Furthermore, Mayer underscores the importance of learning (based upon the testing of content and demonstrating the successful transfer of knowledge) when new information is integrated with prior knowledge. Design principles include providing coherent verbal, pictorial information, guiding the apprentices to select relevant words and images and reducing the load for a sing processing channel etc. can be entailed from this theory. Ex perimental Learning Theory by David A. Kolb emphasizes that the true play in the learning process.He states that learning is a process is whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience (1984, p.38). The theory presents a circular model of learning, consisting of four stages. One may begin at any stage, but must follow each other in the sequence concrete experience (or DO), reflective observation (or OBSERVE), abstract conceptualization (or THINK), active experimentation (or PLAN). Kolbs four-stage learning cycle shows how experience is translated through reflection into concepts, which in turn are used as guides for active experimentation and the choice of new experiences. The first stage, concrete experience (CE), is where the learner actively experiences an activity such as a lab session or field work. The second stage, reflective observation (RO), is when the learner consciously reflects back on that experience. The third stage, abstract conceptualization (AC), is where the learner attempts to conceptualize a theory or model of what is observed.The fourth stage, active experimentation (AE), is where the learner is severe to plan how to test a model or theory or plan for a forthcoming experience. Kolb identified four learning styles which correspond to these stages. The styles foreground conditions under which learners learn rectify. These styles are assimilators, who learn better when presented with sound logical theories to consider, convergers, who learn better when provided with practical applications of concepts and theories, accommodators, who learn better when provided with hands-on experiences, divergers, who learn better when allowed to observe and collect a wide range of information.Conceptual FrameworkPresented in the Figure 1 is the Conceptual Framework of the research study, a skeleton at the base of the diagram shows the study group or the researchenvironment, 78 Student Nurses of Samar State University S.Y. 2012-201 3. The said frame is connected to a bigger frame by a single arrow where it consist the research process. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between the internet use of students and their profile variates, the internet use of students and clinical performance, and the relationship between the profile variates and clinical performance of the students. The frame for the research process is connected to the finding and analysis of the researcher and the implication which serves as a room of opportunity in the improvement of learning skills of student nurses.

Mgt 520 Final Exam Study

MGMT520 Final Exam Study Guide Finals open on Saturday April 20at 1201 a. m. MT (Saturday morning) Finals c lapse on Thursday April 25 at 1159 p. m. MT (Thursday night) PLEASE DONT WAIT TILL THE stand up MINUTE THE SYSTEM IS BUSY AND MAY SLOW DOWN AND ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The final exam is open book, open notes. The maximal time you can spend in the exam is 3 hours, 30 snatchs. If you have not clicked the Submit For Grade button by indeed, you leave behind be automatically exited from the exam.In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, and so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. There be three pages to your final, and individually page begins with a story. The stories atomic number 18 quite interesting and will make the questions flow easily. The questions that follow atomic number 18 then taken from each story. There is a little oerlap. concoct questions are scram bled, so while they vary, all TCOs will be tested. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently.This helps prevent tie-in timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your internet connection does break, when you reconnect you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. . See Syllabus Due Dates for Assignments & Exams for delinquent date information. 4. Reminders * You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time * Click the Save Answers button often * If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, logon again and try to access your Final Exam. If you are unable to enter the Final Exam, contact fi rst the help desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the Final Exam at the top right of the page . Assessments with denary Pages * Make sure you click the Save Answers button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on save answers while you are working) * Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review check your work and be sure to answer all the parts of questions. * Do NOT work your browsers Back and Forward buttons during the Final Exam * Please use the go outd links for navigation 6. Submitting Your Final Exam When you are finished with the Final Exam, click on the Submit for Grade button * Please note Once you click the Submit for Grade button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers 7. Exam Questions * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The exam has two short answer questions worth 15 points each (TCO I and D. ) (Plan about 10 minutes e ach). * The exam has 7 essay questions worth 30 points each (TCO A, B, C, E, F, G, and H) (Plan about 23-25 minutes each. ) This gives you about a 30 minute buffer. The exam has a total of 240 points. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be stark(a)d in any order. You may go back and out between the pages. * On the short answer questions, just answer the question asked, with any brief detail to explain why you answered that way. If a list is requested, provide it. * On the essay questions your answers should be succinct, fully address each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. You can use bullets where appropriate (i. e. listing elements, defenses, or steps. Ensure you analyze and give reasons for answers as partial credit is given even if the answer is wrong. * Remember always use proper citation when quoting other quotations Place any quoted or borrowed material (even a short phrase) in quotation marks w ith the source (URL, author/date/page ) immediately following the end of the passage. Even cite paraphrased information. Quoted or paraphrased material should not dominate a students work use it sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Failure to properly cite material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam.Your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. * If you reference your text, its OK to just say Jennings, p__. 8. Some of the key study areas are as follows (while these are key areas remember that the exam is comprehensive for all the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. * TCO A devoted an organizational requirement to conform seam practices to both the law and best ethical practices, apply appropriate ethical theories to shape a rail line decision. Schools of thought * Ethical models you will need to apply them to a factual situation much as you did in your midterm * TCO B Given i nstances of federal regulation of business and commercial practices, determine the constitutional and regulatory bases for such regulation, and formulate a strategy by which animpacted business can catch or contest regulating outcomes. * APA * process of regulation promulgation * Legal challenges to regulations (recall our Week 2 assignment, especially 5) TCO C Given an example of corporate liability arising from the barter of defective and dangerous products, develop a business strategy that includes ethical considerations to minimize liability for claims of product liability and breach of warranty. * Strict liability 402A know the elements, relate them to the facts * Negligence dont forget to cite the elements and relate them to the facts * Warranties again, expressed and implied, and relate them to the facts. * Defenses to all of these claims dont forget to use our terms contributory negligence, assumption of risk, comparative negligence relate them to the facts TCO D Gi ven a business requirement to form a contract for the sale of goods and services to a customer, define the elements of a contract, and determine whether a duly formed contract is enforceable under the common law or equal Commercial Code. * Contract formation remember the elements * Contract performance * Defenses to contract performance * TCO E Given specified pile of an employment relationship, determine the circumstances under which an employer is liable to an employee for employment discrimination or wrongful discharge. Creation of the agency relationship, including respondeat superior, negligent hiring, etc. * Responsibilities of the agent and principal * Theories of discrimination under act VII disparate treatment, impact dont forget sexual harassment, which is also covered, as well as age under the ADEA * Defenses to a human activity VII charge * Enforcement of Title VII * TCO F Given specified circumstances of business ownership of real and intellectual property, evalua te the rights of business to the shield of its property and the obligations arising out of the use of the property. Theories to protect business intellectual property (patents, copyright, etc. ) * Know the difference between appropriation (a privacy tort) and misappropriation (trade secrets). * Enforcement of business property rights (e. g. , product disparagement, trademark infringement, etc. ) * Defenses to these claims * TCO G Given examples of anticompetitive or unfair trade practices, apply applicable antitrust or other consumer shield laws, and determine appropriate business strategies to prevent trade practices liabilities. Statutory protections for consumers * Bankruptcy * Restraints of trade * TCO H Given a conflict between corporate stakeholders over a business decision, evaluate the legal and ethical responsibilities of corporate directors, officers, and controlling shareholders. * Duties and obligations of directors of a corporation * Insider Trading be sure you know the elements * TCO I Given specified circumstances of a business decision to expand to international markets, determine what international legal requirements or regulatory controls apply. Principles of international law * event of international disputes * Jurisdiction in a private action between citizens or companies of different countries understand sovereign immunity and how it applies and who may use it as a defense. * Jenningss Article Why an International Code of Ethics Would be Good 9. Areas that were discussed in the threads will be prime targets. 10. Assignments will also be prime targets for revisiting. Finally, if you have any questions for me, please post them to our QA, or email me. Good luck on the exam

Julius Caesar Essay

Conflicting perspectives, What be they? Conflicting perspectives are a showdown of ideologies and belief systems. When studying conflicting perspectives we are able to become diverse and provocative insights, like the whim that is appealing to an audiences logic and reason is less effective in persuading them as opposed to appealing to their emotions which is much effective. This can be seen through the texts Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, the article Arguments Against Abortion by Kerby Anderson and the set somewhat Abortion and the Alternatives by Voula Papas.In the text Julius caesar conflicting perspectives can be seen in act 3 scene matchless where both Brutus and Antony give speeches about caesars demise. In Brutuss speech he riding habits a number of rhetorical features and logic to convince the Plebeians that the killing of Caesar was carried out for the goodness of rome. we can see this through the Had you quite an Caesar were living and die all slaves, tha n that Caesar were dead and live all free men? .The use of axiom in this quote makes the audience unable to offer a contradicting point of view thus they are forced into complying with Brutuss thoughts. Brutuss speech is delivered in prose, a somewhat unpolished and unsophisticated port of speaking. The use of prose in this instance appeals to the audience as they are able to directly relate to this way of speaking, being of a somewhat lower class, thus allowing Brutus to connect with them on a laster level.He also arouses patriotism and plays on the rights to civil freedom of the audience to offer further persuasiveness to his speech. He does this by inferring logical and restrained reasoning for Caesars death which appeals to the audiences intelligence and commonsense. The high modality of the rhetorical question Who is here so vile that will not love his rural? is extremely powerful in agitating the existing devotion the audience has towards Rome.Similarly in the essay Argu ments against Abortion the antecedent, uses rhetorical devices and the use of logic (logos) to convince the audience that abortion is wrong. The essay has been arranged in four subsections biblical, medical, legal and philosophical arguments against abortion. Exemplification techniques through the use of items and statistics is used to emphasize the point that author is trying to make.The author uses many logos techniques real effectively, often to make a point about the fetus being alive and being able to feel ain even at very early stages of life, so should not be destroyed. An example of this is seen in the line If heartbeat was used to mend life, then nearly all abortions would be outlawed the deductive reasoning used makes conclusions about the fact that life exist even as a fetus and thus abortion is actually death of the fetus. By contrast Antony from Julius caesar heavily relies upon the power of language and its ability to exploit the human flaw that is emotion, and by doing so manipulate ones perception through a emotionally (pathos) driven argument.Antony has a greater reason of the people and knows that they are passionate people who will be swayed by such talk. Also Antony contrasted Brutus uses iambic pentameter this shows that he has a higher authority which would make the audience listen more carefully. after(prenominal) each argument Antony produces in Caesars defense, he uses irony through the lines But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an direct man. This line is repeated a number of times creating an anaphora.As well as slow dismantling Brutus reputation through the irony, Antony indirectly implies and focuses the blame upon him and plays to the emotions of his audience indulging them to question their newly acquired perspective. It is Antonys use of emotional language that allows him to persuade his audience more than Brutus. Like wise the article Abortion and the Alternatives by Kerby Anderson relies on the use of emoti ve language to convince the readers that abortion can sometimes be the solitary(prenominal) resort for a female.The persuasive technique of pathos is used to effectively convey to the reader wherefore the choice should be with the women, reference to rape cases and quilt feeling by women after abortion are examples of this. This appeals to the human nature of the reader and weakens them emotionally making it easier for them to be swayed. Also the use of props In this case a graphic image of a woman, bloodied towel in fist, crouched, naked and dead of a botched abortion.The vivid imagery allows the audience to see in reality what it is like and makes them more fain to believe and agree to what the author is suggesting. The rhetorical question Before legal abortion.. do you wishing to go back to this? as a caption of the image conveys a powerful message that at that place is an alternative which is safe, legal and accessible and that is abortion. We can see through all the three texts that conflicting perspectives generate provocative insights that are appealing to the audiences emotions is a more effective way of persuading them than appealing to their logic.

Fraud Case

THE NATIONS NEWSPAPER BS2003-01b Collegiate Case Study Adelphia run agrounder, 2 sons, 2 new(prenominal)wises arrested in fraud By David Lieberman and Greg Farrell www. usa like a shotcollege. com Accounting fraud Part II The results Creative business relationship is not a new technique, but it support certainly be a costly wholeness. Businesses bump the haleure to appear profitable in order to attract investors and resources, but deceptive or fallacious explanation practices often lead to drastic consequences. Are these so-callight-emitting diode creative practices always illegal or can they ever be justified?This grimace study volition present examples of companies who pretend apply inappropriate accounting practices, the results of their deceptions and the governments plan to avoid future incidents. WorldCom scandal brings subpoenas, condmnation By Andrew Backover and Thor Vladmanis Andersens partners chart watertights future today By Greg Farrell Client-starved Art hur Andersen cuts 7,000 jobs By Greg Farrell Dominoes thrill WorldCom partners, nodes By Michelle Kessler Adelphia plans to file Chapter 11 Cable hearty expected to seek bevelruptcy protection today NEW YORK The waiting should be over today.Adelphia Communications plans to file for bankruptcy protection, nearly three months after the onceproud No. 6 pipelinegram op erator world-class dis unlikable dealings with the family of founder potty Rigas that turned it into a symbol of inembodied scandal. The party is expected to announce that it has raised as much as $1. 5 billion from banks led by J. P. Morgan Chase and Citigroup to keep operating while a bankruptcy judge decides how creditors testamenting be nonrecreational. A Chapter 11 file the biggest in channel hi composition could help efforts to harness a emptor for well-nigh, or all, of Adelphias systems, which serve 5. 7 million subscribers.The court can protect an acquirer from unexpected liabilities, includin g those stemming from several(prenominal) shargonh oldisher characters and investigations into Adelphias finances by cardinal lofty juries and the Securities and Exchange Commission. The company could pay off off-key its estimated $19 billion in debt if it can sell systems for $3,500 per subscriber, roughly the industr y norm. boost stockh elders could lose their entire investments. Adelphia sh argons closed Friday at 15 cents in over-the-counter trading. Case Study Expert hindquarters D. Martin, Ph. D. professor of Finance, Baylor University regular army nowadays SnapshotsPoliticians role in monitoring business Opinion leaders1 say government should be more than involved in oversight and regulation of mystic enterprise2 52% 45% Agree Disagree starting meter Edelman Public Relations Worldwide/ StrategyOne Re wait survey of 400 respondents. 1 College educated 35- to 64-year-olds with household incomes of more than $100,000 2 Does not add up to 100% due to rounding B y Darryl Har toon Marcy E. E. Mullins, ground forces TODAY By Darryl Har as well asn andand Marcy Mullins, the States TODAY Reprinted with permission. on the whole rights reser ved. AS SEEN IN regular army TODAY MONEY SECTION, MONDAY, JUNE 24, 2002And a sale may devastate Coudersport, Pa. , where Adelphia is head butted. Its by far the largest employer in the rural, mountain town of 3,000. Meanwhile, Adelphia will tr y to reassure its subscribers. Adelphia is committed to reversing its admittedly difficult present financial situation, it wrote last week to 3,500 franchise officials. or so importantly, thither should be no change in portion to Adelphia guests as a result of these developments. Adelphias declension began on March 27, when it let on that a Rigas family partnership had borrowed $2. billion exploitation company assets as collateral. The cadence has since been raised to $3. 1 billion. That stunned analysts, who believed that the operator was already too deeply in debt. Barraged with questions, Adelphia put off release of its 2001 whiz-year report. More questions were raised when it was con sign of the zodiaced that the SEC was investigating. As the stock plummeted, Nasdaq weighed delisting Adelphia sh ares. That took effect on June 3. After ac enjoyledging that it would have to restate its recompense, Adelphia put several line of descent systems on the block.The company defaulted on bank loans and failed to necessitate interest payments on obligates. And Rigas and sons Timothy, Michael and James were forced to relinquish their jobs and board seats. Then new temporary CEO Erland Kailbourne stunned company watchers by disclosing a series of cases where the Rigas family allegedly used Adelphia for private gain. Among other things, the company paid for their apartments in freshly York, built a golf course on Rigas-owned land, helped the get of the Buffalo Sabres hockey team, created a Rigas-run investment firm and subsidized a docum entary film.Cover story Adelphia founder, 2 sons, 2 others arrested in fraud Investigators say company was ain piggy bank By David Lieberman and Greg Farrell regular army TODAY NEW YORK For 50 years, John Rigas lived the the Statesn Dream. Half a century ago, the son of Grecian immigrants left a job fashioning TV picture tubes at Sylvania. The World War II veteran bought a small movie house and a newfangled business a cable TV company in the remote town of Coudersport, Pa. , and was on his way to making a fortune. But his oversized ambitions led him this week into an the Statesn Nightmare.Wednesday, Manhattan U. S. Attorney James Comey accused 77-year-old Rigas and two sons Timothy and Michael with angiotensin converting enzyme of the largest and most egregious frauds ever perpetrated on investors and creditors. Rigas attorneys were unavailable for causerie. With TV cameras capturing the humiliating moment, the founder of Adelphia Communications, the No. 6 U. S. cable co mpany, was led away in handcuffs here. He became the first CEO arrested in the latest wave of embodied accounting scandals and the most vivid symbol of whitecollar crime since Michael Milken and Ivan Boesky in the 1980s.Two other originator Adelphia executives, James Brown and Michael Mulcahey, were pieceed up in Coudersport. Later in the day, Adelphia itself which filed for bankruptcy-court protection last month charged Rigas and his family with violating the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, in a filing in Federal Reprinted with permission. each rights reser ved. page 2 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, THURSDAY, JULY 25, 2002 Bankruptcy Court in New York. The Rigases could be forced to pay three times any damages the court finds.The showcase alleges somewhat $1 billion in damages. Behind their small-town facade, the Adelphia lawsuit says, the Rigases used their domination and control of Adelphia, and their isolation from the test of the turn upside world, to engage in iodine of the largest schemes of selfdealing and financial wrongdoing in American corporate history. The justness surgical incision and the U. S. Postal Inspection Service charged the five executives with securities, wire and bank fraud, saying they steal Adelphia on a massive scale and used it as a personal piggy bank. Rigas private funds sloshed with Adelphias in the same cashmanagement system. A U. S. judge set bail for the Rigases at $10 million apiece, secured by cash and property. Allegations against the Rigases eye socket from big schemes to hide financial problems at the cable company to relatively small-scale thievery. For example, Timothy was accused of using a company jet for an African movement vacation in 2000. Adelphias lawsuit adds that Johns daughter, Ellen, used company planes to bring guests to her wedding to Peter Venetis, who became an Adelphia board member.The couples comfy position enabled them to save $150,000 since 1998 They lived rent-free in two Adelphia-owned apartments on Manhattans swank Upper East Side, the lawsuit says. In less than four years, the Rigases stole hundreds of millions of dollars, and through their fraud (and) caused losses to investors of more than $60 billion, representative Attorney General Larry Thompson says. The defendants could face jail time in the wicked case. By filing a complaint instead of a full-fledged bill of indictment, the grand juries weighing evidence in the case can remain empaneled to approve charges against others.They have 10 days to indict those arrested, and 20 days to charge others. also Wednesday, the Securities and Exchange Commission filed a complaisant lawsuit in U. S. District Court thats similar to the criminal complaint, and includes a third Rigas son, James. The SEC would bar the defendants from serving any publicly owned company. It also wants them and Adelphia to pay restitution and fines. Adelphia said in a statement that the claim against i t would only have the effect of further penalizing the companys stakeholders who were the victims of the Rigas improper conduct. The Adelphia cases are low-hanging fruit for prosecutors eager to show that theyre getting tough on white-collar criminals. This is an old fashioned hand-in-the-till case thats easier to prosecute than an esoteric fraud give care Enron, says Jack Coffee, who teaches securities law at corking of South Carolina University. To prosecute Enron, youre spill to have to teach the panel an intermediate college course in accounting. Jacob Frenkel of Smith Gambrell and Russell agrees. This could be sexiest of all the cases, he says. Here, youre talking about corporate looting.Every guilty disposition arising out of this indictment should become a show-andtell in all business schools as the antithesis of public company management and stewardship. talk of the town tough, getting tough The arrests came as House and Senate negotiators agreed on tough measures, inc luding jail time, for executives convicted of fraud. And Wall lane was impressed after weeks of growing fearfulness about a possible tsunami of corporate scandals. The Dow Jones industrial honest soared 489 points Wednesday. Thats the second biggest one-day point gain ever.That contrasts with the 179-point drop on July 9, when President Bush called for a new era of corporate responsibility. The arrests arent about Democrats and Republicans, says Lynn Turner, spring capitulum accountant of the SEC under President Clinton. This is about investors, and they like what theyre seeing now. Even tribe who arent obsessed with stocks seem to like the idea of big shots getting a comeuppance. We are angry, and we have every right to be angry, says futurist and consumer expert Marian Salzman of Euro RSCG Worldwide. Theres a opinion that we need to kick out the evil-doers in the industry. But some might recoil at the stove of a dignified old man being led before the cameras in handcuffs. Theyre demonstrablely going to look sympathetic, says Robin Cohn, author of The PR Crisis Bible. wherefore would you Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. pageboy 3 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, THURSDAY, JULY 25, 2002 handcuff an old man? Hes not a murderer and a rapist. Thats not to say they arent crooks. But I regard the public would rather see somebody they know in handcuffs like (former Enron CEO) Ken Lay. And the incident could make the government look somewhat silly, she says. I cant imagine Saturday Night Live not doing anything with this. Corporate crime is in the spotlight these days. Last month, national prosecutors arrested former ImClone CEO Sam Waksal on charges of illegal trading on inside training and block of justice. Their investigation has expanded to include friends and family of Waksal, who also might have illegally traded on inside information about ImClone last December.Investigators are trying to determine whether any inside informa tion was passed to Waksals friend Martha Stewart, who exchange her ImClone stock just before a Food and Drug Administration announcement, denying an application to market a cancer-fighting drug, drove the stock price down. In overture months, the Justice Department is expected to charge squeeze executives of Enron and WorldCom with fraud. The departments Enron T implore Force won one court battle last month when a Houston jury found auditor Arthur Andersen criminally guilty of obstruction of justice.It appears, though, that officials wanted to start off with a bloom as they arrested the Rigases. Whats unusual here is the level of detail included in the criminal complaint, and the human activity of defendants arrested simultaneously, says former prosecutor Robert Mintz, now at McCarter & English. Usually, the government builds a case slowly, with eventual defections among defendants. Here, it has leveled a wide range of allegations against upper management. That suggests that th e government believes it has strong case and that they expect a rush to the prosecutors door by defendants who will vie to strike deals. The cases build on information that began to come out in late March. Adelphia disclosed then that the Rigases had used assets of the already debt-heavy company to secure loans to private, family-run partnerships. That borrowing is now put at $3. 1 billion. Independent directors forced the Rigases out of their executive positions and board seats, installing former banker Erland Kailbourne as interim CEO. When they investigated the companys condition, they found and disclosed case after case in which the Rigases made no distinction between their personal funds and businesses and Adelphias.Bad news gets worse But Adelphia was already in a tailspin. Investors lost confidence. Auditors refused to accept the companys financial reports. And lenders cut it off, leading the company to miss interest and dividend payments. Among the charges leading to the Ri gases arrest u That the family began using Adelphia as collateral for private loans in 1996, even though the company was one of the largest junk bond issuers in the United States. Investors werent told. u That the Rigases secretly inflated Adelphias cable TV subscription numbers to make investors think it was still growing at a healthy pace.In 2000 they began to count subscribers from systems in brazil and Venezuela, where Adelphia owns a minority stake. In 2001, Adelphia began adding customers who just coherent high-speed Internet operate from the Rigases non-Adelphia systems. And earlier this year, they folded in people who ordered home security run from Adelphia. u That they used accounting legerdemain to disguise Adelphias actual expenses for digital decoder boxes. In 2001 the company claimed that it sold 525,000 boxes for $101 million to an unaudited Rigas-owned company that has no cable systems. That, starting in 2000, Adelphia worn-out(a) $13 million to build a golf club on land mostly owned by John Rigas. u That in 1999, they told analysts that Adelphia could provide two-way communication theory to 50% of its customers. The real number was 35%. u And that the Rigases took more than $252 million from Adelphia to pay for margin calls on their purchases as the companys stock price fell. Contributing Michael McCarthy Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. foliate 4 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY NEWS SECTION, FRIDAY, JUNE 28, 2002WorldCom scandal brings subpoenas, condemnation Accounting rumors rattle Wall Street By Andrew Backover and Thor Valdmanis USA TODAY The accounting scandal that enveloped WorldCom reverberated through Wall Street and Washington on Thursday. u sexual intercourse subpoenaed lift WorldCom executives. u President Bush and Treasury Secretary Paul ONeill separately railed at corporate wrongdoers. u Unfounded rumors of accounting problems hit stocks of other companies. WorldCom on Tuesday revealed what could be one of the bigges t accounting frauds ever. social club officials said $3. billion in expenses had been hidden in financial statements, inflating profits in 2001 and the first quarter of 2002. The Securities and Exchange Commission has since charged WorldCom with fraud. Bush, at an economic summit in Canada, said he is bear on about the economic impact from some corporate leaders who have not upheld their responsibility. ONeill, a former chief executive of Alcoa, said in an interview on ABCs Good Morning America that the people responsible should be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. WorldCom has raised fears and rumors about more business accounting scandals.Trading was halted for General Motors stock Thursday afternoon because of rumors of accounting irregularities. GM said they were untrue. Broadcast large Clear Channel Communications denied it is under an SEC investigation, to that extent its stock fell almost 13%. The House Financial Services perpetration set a July 8 hearing into t he WorldCom case. Subpoenas went to u up-to-date WorldCom CEO John Sidgmore. u Former chief financial officer Scott Sullivan, who was fired this week. * Former WorldCom chief executive Bernie Ebbers, who was ousted in April and who owes WorldCom $408 million for personal loans. Salomon Smith Barney telecom analyst Jack Grubman. one time one of WorldComs most bullish supporters on Wall Street, he has been criticized for possible conflicts of interest. His firm collected millions of dollars in fees as a WorldCom financial adviser. WorldCom spokesman Brad Burns declined comment on whether Sidgmore would invoke his Fifth Amendment right not to testify. Ebbers and Sullivan couldnt be reached. Salomon says Grubman will fully cooperate. And there could be more investigations. The House Energy and Commerce Committee told WorldCom to turn over financial records by July 11.WorldCom, strained by $30 billion in debt, will cut 17,000 jobs, or 21% of its workers, starting today. Workers will g et severance pay, Burns says. Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 5 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, THURSDAY, MARCH 28, 2002 Andersens partners chart firms future today By Greg Farrell USA TODAY NEW YORK Arthur Andersens U. S. partners will huddle in a nationwide teleconferencing today to determine the firms immediate future. At issue who should lead the firms U. S. operations on an interim basis, and what steps Andersen should take to remain in business.According to senior partners briefed on the meetings agenda, Andersens 1,700 U. S. par tners will decide whether to ask Paul Volcker to assume control of Andersens domestic operations. In February, Andersen CEO Joseph Berardino asked the former Federal Reserve lead to head an oversight board dedicated to fixing the firm. A month later, a federal grand jur y indicted Andersen on a charge of obstruction of justice for its role in shredding Enron documents last October. Friday, in a last-ditch effort to stanch client depar tures and restore confidence in Andersen, Volcker offered to lead Andersen if its top par tners asked him.On Tuesday, Berardino resigned. Managing partner C. E. Andrews will meet with Volcker today to discuss his takeover plan. While some(prenominal) obser vers think Volckers arrival could persuade the J ustice Depar tment to drop the indictment, some Andersen partners are wary of being the survey of an idealistic experiment in transforming the accounting industry. The partners will also discuss, and probably adopt, a Renaissance broadcast aimed at returning Andersen to its roots as a highly regarded auditing firm.This proposal, supported by Andrews, has gained support among older partners who want to stay and rebuild the firm. In other developments u At federal cour t in Houston, Contributing Thor Valdmanis J ustice Depar tment lawyers will respond to Andersens motion to halt further grand jury testimonial prior to a May 6 trial. If Judge Melinda Harmon sides with An dersen, it will make the governments obstruction of justice case against Andersen more difficult to win. u Andersens top global partners will meet Tuesday in London to pick an interim CEO. Andersens global operations continue to fragment. Its Japanese affiliate, Asahi & Co. , announced plans to merge this fall with rival KPMG. Andersen has also discussed selling affiliates to Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. Wednesday night, Deloitte spokesman Matthew Batters suggested the firm was only interested in hiring individual Andersen partners and picking up clients leaving the firm. Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 6 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, TUESDAY, APRIL 9, 2002 Client-starved Arthur Andersen cuts 7,000 jobsLong expected, layoffs offer first tangible sign of firms distress By Greg Farrell USA TODAY WorldCom has engaged in what could be one of the bArthur Andersen fired one partner in January for his role in shredding Enron documents. On Monday, the auditing firm announced it will lay off 7,000 of its 26,000 U. S. employees because of the consequences of that shredding. The job cuts at Andersen have been expected for weeks, ever since the Justice Department incertain an indictment against the firm for its role in destroying its paperwork just as a Securities and Exchange Commission enquiry into Enron was about to begin.Since the indictment, unsealed on March 14, scores of clients have deserted Andersen. As Andersen partners leave the firm for opportunities at other Big Five rivals, more clients are expected to migrate. So far, Andersen has weathered the crisis without filing for bankruptcy protection. But the layoffs, announced Monday, are the first tangible sign of financial distress at the firm. Of the 7,000 employees being let go, the vast majority are auditing staffers and managers, as well as administrative personnel. A small number of Andersens 1,700 U.S. partners are also being let go. According to managing partner Grover Wray, most partners are still needed to serve Andersens remaining clients. Rather than hand out severance checks to laid-off employees, Wray says Andersen is implementing a program called salary continuation. nder this plan, laid-off workers will continue to be paid for a certain number of weeks, depending on how long theyve been with the firm. During that period, these employees will keep their benefits and be free to use their office space to search for new jobs. We are trying to treat our people with a level of dignity, Wray says. In addition to client defections, Andersen also faces major liabilities for the role it played in Enrons collapse into bankruptcy last fall. Plaintiffs lawyer handbill Lerach filed an expanded complaint Monday against Andersen and former Enron managers in federal court in Houston. But the expanded lawsuit, on behalf of a major Enron shareholder the University of California system adds nine Wall Street investment banks and two law firms to the list of defendant s.Representatives from the banks JP Morgan Chase, Citigroup, CS First Boston, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Bank of America, Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank, Barclays and Lehman Bros. any declined comment on Monday or denied the complaints allegations of complicity in Enrons collapse. Notably, Lerachs complaint leaves out two key players in Enrons demise Michael Kopper, who headed some of the special purpose entities that kept Enron liabilities off the companys balance sheet, and Ben Glisan, the former Enron treasurer accused of facilitating some of Enrons indistinct accounting practices.Glisan is now believed to be cooperating with the Justice Department probe of Enrons activities. Lerach would not comment on whether the span supplied his investigators with information. But Larry Finder, a former U. S. Attorney now in private practice in Houston, doubts either is helping Lerach. Finder says that if either of them is providing information, it would be to the Justice Departm ent first, where they face criminal liability. And the Justice Department wouldnt necessarily welcome a decision by a witness to cooperate in civil litigation. Reprinted with permission.All rights reser ved. Page 7 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, TUESDAY, JULY 9, 2002 Dominoes hit WorldCom partners, clients Unpleasant ripple effect also spreads to vendors, charities, sponsored events By Michelle Kessler USA TODAY The WB television internet, PGA bout and Texas Parks and Wildlife service arent in telecom, but theyve already been hurt by the WorldCom scandal. Thats because they all did business with WorldCom, as did thousands of other companies. Now theyre all trying to figure out where they stand with the struggling giant and coming up with backup plans. This is not going to be pleasant for a lot of companies, says Kerry Adler, CEO of WorldCom customer Webhelp. Among those affected u V e n d o r s . WorldCom repor ted that its capital expenditures dropped 42% to about $1. 3 bil lion in the first quarter from a year ago, yet it remained a big customer for some telecom equipment makers. While its unclear how accurate WorldComs numbers are because of the accounting scandal, what is clear is that its spending has slowed. The hardest hit is Juniper Networks, says Banc of America Securities analyst Christopher Crespi.WorldCom provided about 10% of Junipers annual revenue, including less than $7 million this quarter, Juniper says. If WorldCom stops buying, that could dampen Junipers forecast for the year. It could easily subtract $50 million or $60 million off their top line, says Soundview Techno logy analyst Ryan Molloy. Customers Cisco Systems, Nortel Networks and Redback Networks could also get stung, but WorldCom accounts for just a small percentage of total sales, says U. S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray analyst Edward Jackson.All telecom equipment makers could be affected in coming months, even if they didnt do business directly with WorldCom, analysts say. World Com was know for buying the latest, most high-tech equipment, forcing competitors to do the same if they wanted to keep up. With WorldCom out of the picture, spending could lag. u Contractors. In 1999, when consulting firm EDS signed an 11-year, $6. 4 billion contract to provide technology services to WorldCom, telecom was a growing industry. EDS is stuck with the deal and a related pledge to buy $6 billion worth of telecom services during that period.Now, EDS says it no longer wants to spend that much with WorldCom. Its in talks to work out a deal. RMH Teleservices has a five-year contract to provide customer service for WorldComs MCI division. That accounted for 19. 5% of RMHs revenue from October to March. While we cannot predict the future . . . we expect to continue to provide these services for MCI, RMH leader John Fellows said in a statement. u Business partners. Last year, WorldCom pledged to buy millions of dollars in advertizing from AOL Time Warner over several years. The exact terms were not disclosed.Now, that deal could be off, meaning less ads for Time magazine, cables TBS and the WB television network. WorldCom also provides service to the companys AOL Internet division. AOL says it has backup suppliers in case WorldCom service is disrupted. Satellite cable provider DirecTV is holding meetings to determine how to handle its 4-month-old partnership with WorldCom. WorldCom was to provide the underlying network for part of DirecTVs high-speed Internet access service. Similar questions are being asked at Internet hostage Systems, a software company that agreed in May to provide security services to WorldCom customers.The valuate of the two deals was not disclosed. * Sponsored events. Last weeks Fourth of July fireworks Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 8 AS SEEN IN USA TODAY MONEY SECTION, TUESDAY, JULY 9, 2002 celebration on the Mall in Washington was supposed to be paid for by WorldCom, which has sponsored part of the fest ivities for five years. But the company pulled out. The National Parks Foundation scrambled to find new funding from AT. Also in Washington, the MCI Center arena might soon be looking for a new sponsor and name. The WorldCom Classic, an annual PGA Tour stop in Hilton Head, S.C. , is in the same situation. u Charities. Each month, about 10,000 teachers receive free training in math, science and the arts from the MarcoPolo project, which is sponsored by WorldComs kind-heartedness arm. Now, program administrators and partners including the National Geographic Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science and The Kennedy Center are tr ying to make the proj ect independent of the struggling company. Last week, they pulled WorldComs logos from the MarcoPolo Web site. Theyre applying to make it a public charity, says Caleb Schutz, prexy of WorldCom Foundation. Theres a lot to lose if the company . . . pulled the plug. For now, WorldCom still funds MarcoPolo. u Customer s. The Texas Parks and Wildlife department spent last week printing temporary fishing and hunting licenses as a quick misfortune plan. The department relies on a WorldCom computer network to transmit license information to 2,500 vendors. We certainly have to consider what might happen to our contract, says Suzy Whittenton, a wildlife director. Webhelp, which outsources customer service for companies such as Microsoft, uses WorldCom to connect its oversea technology specialists with help-seekers in the USA.Because of a contract, Webhelp cant switch providers but was forced to get a backup provider in case WorldCom fails. That means twice the bills. Its expensive, and at the end of the day, our clients pay for that, says CEO Adler. Reprinted with permission. All rights reser ved. Page 9 Behind the Story A Reporters Notebook The collapse of Enron and WorldCom, precipitated by revelations that some(prenominal) companies had misrepresented how profitable they were, threatens the health of the the nations stock markets.If investors cant believe earnings numbers issued by the biggest companies in the USA, they wont put their money into the market. And when investors take their money out of the market, as theyve been doing for more than two years, businesses suffer. They cant invest, they cant grow as promptly and they cant afford to hire more people. Greg Farrell Money reporter USA TODAY As the Enron and WorldCom examples demonstrate, theres no room in a public marketplace for creative accounting. Once a few cheaters are revealed, the integrity of the entire marketplace is open to question.Greg Farrell is a reporter in USA TODAYs Money section. He writes about fraud and white collar crime. In the past year, he has been reporting on Enron, Arthur Andersen, Martha Stewart and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Page 10 For discussion ADELPHIA PLANS TO FILE CHAPTER 11 ADELPHIA FOUNDER, 2 SONS, 2 OTHERS ARRESTED IN FRAUD (LIEBERMAN AND FARRELL) 1. Adelphia Corpo ration was the sixth largest cable company at the time of its collapse. The company was accused of a number of fraudulent activities including the manipulation of its financial reports.Specifically, the firm was accused of misreporting its cable subscription numbers in order to give the impression that the firm was growing faster than it was. For example, they counted subscribers from systems in Brazil and Venezuela where the company owns a minority stake in the companys total subscribers. They also counted customers who ordered high-speed Internet services from companies owned by the Rigas family and clients that ordered home security services from Adelphia. Why would Adelphias management engage in what appears to be blatant misrepresentation of their number of subscribers? 2.When CEO John Regas of Adelphia was led away in handcuffs on racketeering charges, some complained that the justice department was making too public a display of its tough stance on white-collar crime. This ty pe of discussion is normally associated with murderers and rapists. How do you feel about the importance of making a public spectacle of white-collar criminals? 3. The Adelphia lawsuit stated that the Rigases used their domination and control of Adelphia, and their isolation from the scrutiny of the outside world, to engage in one of the largest schemes of self-dealing and financial wrong doing in American corporate history. Financial economists refer to this type of behavior as an agency cost since corporate executives are the agents of the firms owners or principals. How can stockholders protect themselves from the potential difference for self-dealing by corporate executives? ANDERSENS PARTNERS CHART FIRMS FUTURE TODAY (FARRELL) 1. Arthur Andersen was once the promethium public accounting firm but a string of high profile financial reporting disasters that culminated with the failure of Enron caused the demise of the once proud firm. Andersens failure highlights the fact that the principal asset of a public accounting firm is the firms reputation.Once the firms credibility is challenged its clients are no longer willing to pay for its auditing services. What is it that a public accounting firm does that requires it to have a sterling reputation for honesty? 2. Andersons initial lay off was 7,000 of its 26,000 employees before the firm tout ensemble collapsed and all employees lost their jobs. However, all of Andersens clients still needed auditing services so in many instances the employees continued to audit the same firms they had audited for Andersen, just for another auditing firm. If the employees just moved from one firm to another, was there really a layoff?Did Andersen employees really suffer from the demise of Arthur Andersen? Isnt this also true of the Adelphia, Enron, and WorldCom employees? For more information, log on to http//www. usatodaycollege. com Page 11 Future implications WORLDCOM SCANDAL BRINGS SUBPOENAS, CONDEMNATION (BACKOVER AND VALDMANIS) DOMINOS HIT WORLDCOM PARTNERS, CLIENTS (KESSLER) The financial press coverage of the failures of Adelphia, Enron, and WorldCom have focused principally on stockholders who have lost everything they invested and creditors who stand to lose a portion of what they have loaned the company.However, other important consequences of these high profile failures are often overlooked including (1) the financial and emotional losses suffered by employees who lose their jobs and face the prospect of a lengthy period of unemployment and perhaps the dislocation costs of moving to another community to find work, (2) the local community public services and school systems who lose valuable tax revenues, and (3) the budget crises created for local charities and the arts that depend on corporate contributions for their continued survival. Bankruptcy courts focus on the contractual obligations of the firm to creditors and suppliers.It has been argued that the corporation is a guest of the fellowship and as such has obligations to the entire web of stakeholders that have a financial stake in the firms survival. Should the claims of these silent stakeholders also be considered when a firm fails? About The Expert John D. Martin,Ph. D. Professor of Finance Carr P. Collins Chair Hankamer School of Business Baylor University From 1980 until 1998 John Martin taught at the University of Texas at Austin where he was the Margaret and Eugene McDermott Centennial Professor of Finance. Currently holding the Carr P.Collins Chair in Finance at Baylor University in Waco, Dr. Martin teaches corporate finance and financial modeling. His research interests are in corporate governance, the evaluation of firm performance, and the excogitate of incentive compensation programs. Dr. Martin publishes widely in both academic and professional journals. Included among his academic publications are papers in the Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Finance, Journal of Monetary Economics, Journal of Financial and valued Analysis, Financial Management, and Management Science.Professional publications include papers in Directors and Boards, Financial Analysts Journal, Journal of Portfolio Management, and Bank of America Journal of Applied Corporate Finance. u Dr. Martin co-authors several books including the following u Financial Management, 9th edition (Prentice antechamber Publishing Company) u Foundations of Finance, 4th Edition (Prentice Hall Publishing Company) u Financial Analysis (McGraw cumulation Publishing Company) u The Theory of Finance (Dryden Press) Dr.Martin consults with a number of firms including Citgo, Hewlett Packard, Shell Chemical, Shell E, Texas Instruments and The Associates. Additional resources workings Paper Series Financial Engineering, Corporate Governance, and the Collapse of Enron http//www. be. udel. edu/ccg/research_files/CCGWP2002-1. pdf For more information, log on to http//www. usatodaycollege. com Page 12